Choosing the right kind of dog to take on as a pet is very important. Not a lot of people know that different breeds have different temperaments. Some breeds might not be suitable for homes with children, while others would be perfect. In this article, I have outlined five of the most popular dog breeds there are. These are the breeds that most families have because these dogs have very good temperaments, and are also very good with children.
2013年9月20日星期五
Ten Of The Most Important Facts To Know About Ticks On Dogs
2013年9月16日星期一
Ordnance Survey Blog » The truth about ticks
Today’s blog post comes from Wendy Fox, Director & Chairperson of BADA-UK
Today on the Ordnance Survey blog we have a guest post from Wendy Fox from BADA-UK.
As summer (such as it is) progresses, many of us are getting out and about to enjoy the great outdoors. Of course, there are many health and safety aspects that we should be aware of (such as preparing for adverse weather and preventing walking/running injuries etc.) but how many people think about ticks when it comes to getting out and about?
Vampire ticks: The scourge of the countryside! Are they really that dangerous? Well the press would have us believe so, with recent headlines such as, âAlert over rise in killer ticksâ, and âThe European Invader thatâs after your bloodâ. Â Although not quite relatives of Dracula, lurking in every darkened corner, ticks are blood-sucking parasites and they can transmit a range of diseases to people, domestic animals and wildlife.
As a victim of one such disease called Borreliosis (Lyme disease), I am able to speak from personal experience, and with understanding when it comes to the more serious consequences of infection. My disease was not diagnosed or treated promptly and so had the opportunity to become deep-seated within my central nervous system, heart and other organs, causing irreversible tissue damage. It has left me a paraplegic, blind in one eye and partially sighted in the other, and in need of full-time care due to the extensive nature of my health problems. From the bite of a tiny tick, thatâs a lot of consequences!
What perhaps resonates with me most powerfully is that these effects were almost certainly avoidable, had I known some basic facts about ticks. Like many people, I had been taught that the most important thing about tick removal was to get the tick to back out itself, so that mouth parts would not be left in the skin. What I didnât realise was that burning, freezing or smothering a tick in substances such as petroleum jelly, oils and spirits can result in the tick regurgitating infective fluids before it backs out or dies. The current advice from all official bodies in disease prevention is that these methods should not be used. Pity I didnât know that when I was zapping ticks off me with a cigarette end!
Ixodes ricinus – the Castor Bean Tick
There are only two safe methods of tick removal:
- With a bespoke tick-removal tool (studies have demonstrated the ones designed like a crochet hook to be the most effective, especially with the tiny sub-adult ticks) and the manufacturerâs instructions should always be followed.
- With fine-pointed tweezers (grasping the tick as close to the skin as possible and steadily pulling / levering the tick outwards without jerking or twisting. Twisting with tweezers exerts too much pressure on the mouth parts and they may break off, whereas some tick removers are designed to twist without this risk).
Removal with fingers may risk compression of the tickâs body, squeezing out infective fluids, and squashing or scratching off a tick may spill these fluids. Additionally, some ticks carry infective agents which can enter through breaks in the skin.
There are ways that you can reduce the risk of being bitten in the first place. Various insect repellents on the market are effective against ticks, although these parasites are tenacious and nothing is 100 per cent tick proof.
Depending on your chosen activity, wearing the right kind of clothing can lower the risk of being bitten. Light-coloured clothing allows you to see any ticks on you before they have had a chance to get to your skin and attach themselves. Garments with elasticated waistbands and cuffs will also help to deter them and simply tucking trousers into socks or wearing gaiters helps to create a barrier.
Ticks are more often on low vegetation (about 18 inches high) and they wait until a suitable host (animal or human) brushes past and they latch on with special hooks on their legs. They can also drop onto a host from low branches. Then they will wander around looking for a place to feed, so they can be found attached anywhere on the body (including places too personal to mention)!
Despite what has happened to her – Wendy still has a passion for the outdoors
Short of wearing a frog suit, it is almost impossible to completely deter ticks. It is therefore advisable to check yourself as regularly as possible (a shower or bath at the end of the day is a good opportunity for a thorough look). The more you check, the more likely you are to find a tick before it attaches, or soon after. The longer the tick is allowed to feed the more saliva it pumps in to numb the bite area, keep the blood flowing and prevent inflammation. Each drop of saliva potentially carries a range of infective agents and some people can contract multiple infections from a single bite. Of course, you may be happy wandering the countryside in a wetsuit (each to their own), but for most of us itâs preferable to just take simple, sensible precautions and to do a regular tick check.
Had I known about ticks in Britain and Ireland being vectors of disease prior to my becoming infected, I still think I would have been a fully paid-up member of the âit wonât happen to meâ and âIâve been out and about all my life and never had a problemâ brigade. I can understand why people feel this way but, even in the years since I became infected, there has been an increase in the incidence of disease cases, particularly Lyme disease. In Scotland, cases rose from just 28 in 2001 to 605 in 2009 and in England and Wales from 268 to 973 (all figures being the last available and provisional data).
Authorities acknowledge that the recorded data is incomplete. The Health Protection Agency estimate that an additional 1,000 â 2,000 cases in England and Wales go unrecorded per annum and Dr. Darrell Ho-Yen of Scotlandâs Lyme disease testing service believes that the true incidence for Scotland could be ten times the number recorded. Reasons given for the discrepancy between reported and estimated case numbers include wrong diagnoses, tests giving false results, sufferers who werenât tested, people who are infected but asymptomatic, failures to notify and infected individuals who donât consult a doctor.
But why is it that when I was diagnosed I didnât know anyone with Lyme disease, yet now every second person I meet seems to have had or got it, or knows someone who has? Studies have demonstrated various contributing factors. Changes in farming practices and the climate have allowed ticks to complete their life-cycle faster, increasing their population. An increase in host-animal species has allowed their distribution to increase too, while our residential dwellings are ever encroaching on the tickâs habitat, bringing them into close proximity with our recreational spaces. Another contributing factor is that more people are involved in outdoor pursuits which bring them into contact with prime tick habitat.
At the time I was infected, there wasnât the availability of information that there is now and even after diagnosis I found my disease to be bewildering and isolating. It was my desire to prevent others from being in the same position that led me to found Borreliosis & Associated Diseases Awareness UK (BADA-UK), along with some fellow sufferers who felt the same. Now in its seventh year, the charity has seen a rise in the appetite for information and the number of people requiring support.
Despite all that has happened to me, my passion for the great outdoors remains. I particularly love taking my camera into the most inaccessible places (for someone confined to a wheelchair, and thanks to a long-suffering husband).
Are ticks the scourge of the countryside? No â they are part of natureâs bizarre and intricate tapestry, but they do need to be given a little respect for they can inflict a nasty bite which may just change your life.
For more information please visit: www.bada-uk.org or write to:
BADA-UK
PO Box 544
Wath upon Dearne
Rotherham
S63 3DW
Biography:
Wendy Fox is a founder member, director and Chair of Borreliosis & Associated Diseases Awareness UK (BADA-UK). She has a background in zoology but became a full-time volunteer for the charity after being medically retired. Wendy was left paralysed from the waist down and partially sighted following an infection with Borreliosis.
If you want to read more about how to beat the bugs â be they midges, ticks or anything else â have a read of the articles in the Outdoor Skills section in our magazine.
EPA Makes Online Information about Protecting Pets from Fleas and Ticks Easier to Find
EPA Makes Online Information about Protecting Pets from Fleas and Ticks Easier to Find
September 6, 2013 in National | Tags: Advantage, Advantix, flea and tick, flea prevention, frontline, tick prevention
As a part of the Agencyâs effort to build a more user-friendly website, EPA has redesigned its online information about protecting pets from fleas and ticks to make it simpler for visitors to find the information they need quickly and easily. The Agency has reformatted the content using various tools to allow readers to scan content quickly. Additionally, these resources are now easier to read on mobile devices. Visit the Protecting Pets from Fleas and Ticks Resource Directory at http://www2.epa.gov/pets.
2013年9月15日星期日
Summer + rainy season = Ticks -- What you should know about tick disease in dogs
Lyme disease: Lyme disease, named after the town of Lyme, CT, is carried by the black-legged deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) in the East and in the West by Ixodes pacificus or Ixodes neotomae. Larvae of the deer tick feed on mice, nymphs on mice and small mammals and the adult prefers to feed on deer, so those are the primary hosts at each stage of the tick’s life. Lyme is endemic in the Northeast and steadily growing in the Midwest and in California. The South and Southwest has a very low (1%) infestation rate.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fewer: Despite its name, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is found mainly in the Eastern US and usually makes itself known in spring and summer (March to October) but cases of human RMSF have been reported in almost every state, Canada, South America and Mexico.
Dogs most at risk are young, generally large breeds(german shepards and dobermans especially) that spend a lot of time outdoors. Dogs over 3 or 4 years old aren’t as likely to get RMSF, possibly having acquired an immunity.
The onset of the disease is rapid. Four or five days after being bitten, the dog will become feverish (up to 105 degrees). Symptoms may include depression, loss of appetite, swollen lymph nodes, bruising on the skin or gums, tiny hemorrhages under the skin, muscle pain, retinal hemorrage, swollen or painful joints. A staggering gait, difficulty keeping his balance, is the dog’s most common neurological sign. Seizures are possible. A decrease in the platelets responsible for clotting (thrombocytopenia), is the most consistent finding in blood tests.
If left untreated, RMSF either kills quickly (the disease runs its course in approximately two weeks) or the dog gets over it and is then immune. Symptoms may range from slight through severe to fatal.
It takes two to three weeks for antibodies to be detectable but then their numbers rise sharply for several weeks before they level off and begin a long, slow, gradual decline over many months. Obviously the timeline is very tight here, so, since research indicates that death from untreated RMSF is more common than previously thought, a dog that appears to have it should be treated immediately without waiting for test results to come back.
Ehrlichiosis — Ehrlichiosis (E. Canis) has three stages. The acute stage is brief and the symptoms are easily missed; it may appear as if the dog has a mild and passing viral infection: snotty nose, diarrhea, fever, a general lack of his usual oomph. In a stoic dog especially, a change in behavior may be the only alert he gives you to get him to the vet.
It’s in this stage that the outlook for a cure is best. Very early on, however, testing is probably useless; until ten days to two weeks after infection, the immune system will not have had time to make sufficient antibodies for the tests to detect.
The acute stage over, the disease passes into the subclinical stage. This simply means a stage in which no symptoms are present. Cure, or at the very least, containment of the disease so that it cannot progress, is still a good possibility in this stage, which may last for years.
If the disease progresses to chronic, the outlook is grave, particularly in E. risticii and E. canis. Symptoms show up with a vengeance at this point. There are a lot of symptoms and they are easily mistaken for other diseases: intermittent fever or loss of appetite lethargy, total loss of appetite, gradual loss of body condition (esp. along the spine and around the eyes), viral tumors on the face/mouth/muzzle, hemorrhaging even when the blood count looks normal, clotting problems, low or high calcium levels, seizures, muscle wasting, skin infections, neurological signs, diarrhea, low platelet count, urine too alkaline, vomiting, hyper-reflective eyes, low white blood cell count, bleeding from nose or eyes, signs of arthritis, pneumonia, cough, kidney failure, increased thirst and urination, incoordination, neck or back pain, bleeding under the skin or a rash, swelling of the legs or joints, enlarged lymph nodes, irreversible bone marrow suppression.
Babesiosis — Babesiosis is a disease of the red blood cells and results in varying degrees of hemolytic anemia (essentially destruction of the RBCs that carry oxygen to the blood). It seems to hit greyhounds extremely hard but any dog that contracts it may become severely ill. It can come on sharply (acute) or violently (peracute) though neither of these stages is common in the US…or perhaps the disease simply isn’t often recognized for what it is in either of these stages. It’s generally found in the subclinical stage, where there are no apparent symptoms, or the chronic stage in which the disease is well-entrenched and symptoms are obvious .
The brown dog tick, is the usual culprit in the transmission of babesiosis; however, transmission has also occurred by direct, blood to blood transfer in fighting dogs, and by the transfusion of infected blood. Infected bitches have been known to pass the disease to pups in the womb.
In the United States, Babesiosis canis shows up mostly in the South but it does occur in other areas.. Babesiosis gibsoni is found all over the country but most often appears in pit bull terriers.
The dogs most at risk are those brought into an endemic area. These dogs are prone to severe infection. Evidently, those that are born in an area where babesiosis is prevalent get the infection while they’re still protected by the colostrum in the mother’s milk and, as a result, become immune carriers.
Clinical signs include fever that comes and goes, red or orange-colored urine, loss of appetite and the dog becomes too thin, his bones are more prominent, his coat is dull and there is at least some loss of muscle mass.
Because there is a foreign invader in the red blood cells, the dog’s immune system will start to destroy them, adding to the destruction the babesia are causing. A drop in the platelets which aid in blood clotting can make things even worse; this is especially a problem in B. gibsoni. As if that weren’t enough, the immune system may begin destroying uninfected RBCs as well. Half of all dogs with babesiosis will need transfusion. Severe inflammation is common and localized inflammation of the central nervous system can occur.
Testing: In order to make a diagnosis, one of the first things a vet will do is run a Complete Blood Count. A CBC can be very helpful, showing up things like reduced platelets or an increase or decrease in white blood cells. However, it’s important to remember that a normal CBC does not mean that a dog is free of a tick-borne disease. The CBC alone is not enough to rule them out. In fact, a negative titer on an IFA or ELISA test is not enough. Tests are only part of a diagnosis.
Treatments: A semisynthetic tetracycline, doxycycline is the drug of choice for Ehrlichiosis, Lyme Disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. It is an antibiotic. All antibiotics destroy or inhibit bacteria and don’t differentiate “good” from “bad”; they wipe out beneficial bacteria in the dog’s gut right along with the disease-causing organisms. It’s a wise idea, then, to give the dog probiotics as long as he’s taking doxycycline and for several weeks afterward to avoid the gastrointestinal problems that can develop if he’s left without this help for eight weeks or more.
Tick Removal: The Right Way to Remove a Tick
Use a tool specifically made for removing ticks, a pair of sharp tweezers (not blunt ones) or a small pair of curved forceps.
Grab the tick right behind the head, i.e., as close to the skin as you can get, and PULL SLOWLY – STRAIGHT OUT. Don’t twist the tick, it isn’t made to unscrew. The tick’s hypostome, the part that penetrates the dog, has barbs like fishhooks, so slow, easy and straight out is the way you want to go. Do not pull out ticks with your bare hands, you are putting yourself in risk to contract the disease!
Prevention: There are no natural prevention which helps 100% against ticks. In mildly infested areas, you can try natural tick collars or sprays available in your local health food store. In heavily infested areas you need chemical based tick prevention, such as tick collars, sprays or spot-on preventatives such as Frontline. please always consult with your veterinarian about the safest and most affective prevention in your area.
2013年9月14日星期六
All About Ticks on Dogs
Ticks are an indisputably dreaded enemy â none of us wants to find a tick on our dogs, other pets or ourselves. Besides the obvious âickâ factor, ticks are bad news because they may transmit diseases and even cause anemia or paralysis. As a dog owner, there are some basics you should know about the risks of ticks, as well as their removal and prevention. With proper knowledge, you can help protect your dog from the threat of ticks.
About Ticks
Ticks are parasitic arthropods that feed on the blood of their hosts. They are attracted to warmth and motion, often seeking out mammals â including dogs. Ticks tend to hide out in tall grass or plants in wooded areas waiting for prospective hosts. Once a host is found, the tick climbs on and attaches its mouthparts into the skin, beginning the blood meal. Once locked in place, the tick will not detach until its meal is complete. It may continue to feed for several hours to days, depending on the type of tick. On dogs, ticks often attach themselves in crevices and/or areas with little to no hair â typically in and around the ears, the areas where the insides of the legs meet the body, between the toes, and within skin folds. Most species of ticks go through four life stages – eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. All stages beyond eggs will attach to a host for a blood meal (and must do so on order to mature). Depending on species, the life span of a tick can be several months to years, and female adults can lay hundreds to thousands of eggs at a time. The following types of ticks are among the most common seen in North America:
- Deer tick
- Brown dog tick
- Lone star tick
- American dog tick
The Dangers of Ticks
Though they are known vectors of disease, not all ticks transmit disease â in fact, many ticks do not even carry diseases. However, the threat of disease is always present where ticks are concerned, and these risks should always be taken seriously. Most tick-borne diseases will take several hours to transmit to a host, so the sooner a tick is located and removed, the lower the risk of disease. The symptoms of most tick-borne diseases include fever and lethargy, though some can also cause weakness, lameness, joint swelling and/or anemia. Signs may take days, weeks or months to appear. Some ticks can cause a temporary condition called âtick paralysis,â which is manifested by a gradual onset of difficulty walking that may develop into paralysis. These signs typically begin to resolve after tick is removed. If you notice these or any other signs of illness in your dog, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible so that proper testing and necessary treatments can begin. The following are some of the most common tick-borne diseases:
- Lyme disease
- Ehrlichiosis
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Anaplasmosis
- Babesiosis
If you live in a region where ticks are found, you should check your dog for ticks after coming in from the outdoors, especially if he has been in a wooded area. Ticks should be safely removed and dogs watched for signs of tick borne illnesses. Dogs at risk for ticks should be treated with some form of tick prevention.
2013年9月11日星期三
What Does People Say About Merial Frontline Plus for Dogs and Puppies?
Frontline Plus is the best way to keep fleas and ticks off your dog. It is applied once per month in about 3 minutes. It seems to have little or no side effects on the dog. It has been used for many years on dogs without problems. I checked all products and asked various vets and everyone agrees that Frontline Plus is the best way to keep ticks and fleas off your dog. The Plus even kills the flea eggs.”